Holy Baptism holds the first place among the
sacraments, because it is the door of the spiritual life; for by it we are made members of
Christ and incorporated with the
Church. And since through the first man death entered into all, unless we be born again of water and the
Holy Ghost, we can not enter into the kingdom of Heaven, as Truth Himself has told us. The matter of this
sacrament is true and natural water; and it is indifferent whether it be cold or hot. The form is:
I baptize thee in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost. We do not, however, deny that the words:
Let this servant of Christ be baptized in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost; or:
This person is baptized by my hands in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, constitute true baptism; because since the principal cause from which baptism has its efficacy is the
Holy Trinity, and the instrumental cause is the minister who confers the
sacrament exteriorly, then if the act exercised by the minister be expressed, together with the invocation of the
Holy Trinity, the
sacrament is perfected. The minister of this
sacrament is the priest, to whom it belongs to baptize, by reason of his office, In case of necessity, however, not only a priest or
deacon, but even a layman or woman, nay, even a pagan or heretic can baptize, provided he observes the form used by the
Church, and intends to perform what the
Church performs.
The effect of this sacrament is the remission of all sin, original and actual; likewise of all punishment which is due for sin. As a consequence, no satisfaction for past sins is enjoined upon those who are baptized; and if they die before they commit any sin, they attain immediately to the kingdom of heaven and the vision of God.
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